Canine intestinal blockage: signs, prevention and treatment

An intestinal blockage, also called a gut blockage is when something partially or completely stops food, liquid or gas from passing through a dog's digestive tract. It happens when a swallowed object gets stuck, though it can also result from other conditions.

Vets see thousands of dogs a year that have swallowed something they shouldn't have, like bones, corn on the cob, socks, toys and balls. A blockage in the gut puts pressure on the intestinal wall. This can cut off the blood supply and lead to tissue damage. It should always be treated as a medical emergency. 

Signs of an intestinal blockage in dogs

• Vomiting, which is often one of the first signs. Your dog may vomit water as well as food, and this can continue even after their stomach is empty.
• Loss of appetite or reluctance to eat.

How is an intestinal blockage diagnosed and treated?

Your vet will examine your dog's abdomen and usually take X-rays or do an ultrasound to help locate the object. This will allow them to see how severe the blockage is. Blood tests may also be needed to check your dog's overall condition before any treatment. In most cases, a gut blockage needs surgery to remove the object safely, particularly once it's moved into the intestines. Delaying treatment increases the risk of serious complications, such as a ruptured intestine. It's not considered safe to wait and see whether a dog will pass the object naturally.

How to help prevent an intestinal blockage

• Keep small objects, socks, toys and anything chewable out of reach, especially with puppies, who are more likely to swallow things aimlessly.
• Avoid giving cooked bones, which can splinter, and supervise your dog with any chews or raw bones.
• Keep string, ribbon, hair bands and similar items well out of reach, since these can cause a particularly dangerous type of blockage.
• Choose durable, appropriately sized toys for your dog, and replace any that are damaged or starting to come apart.

When to contact your vet

If you see your dog swallow something they shouldn't have, call your vet for advice. Their advice will depend on the object and whether it's small enough to pass through. Others may need to come back up. If so, your vet may induce vomiting in a controlled way at the practice. This may help your dog avoid surgery.

Contact your vet as soon as possible if you notice any of the signs above, even if you didn't see your dog swallow anything. Don't try to make your dog vomit or give any medication at home without veterinary guidance - this can make some blockages worse.