Mange in dogs

Mange is a skin condition caused by tiny mites on your dog’s skin. If your dog has been scratching more than usual, losing patches of hair, or has red and crusty skin, they might have mange. Other health conditions, like an allergic reaction, can have similar symptoms, so be sure to consult your vet for diagnosis and treatment. Mange affects many dogs but the good news is that it's treatable, especially when caught early. This guide explains what mange looks like, how dogs get it, and how your vet can help your dog to recover. 

What is mange?

Mange is a skin condition caused by microscopic mites that live on or in your dog's skin. These mites can cause irritation, inflammation, and hair loss. There are two main types of mange in UK dogs: sarcoptic mange and demodectic mange. The type of mange depends on the species of mite. 

What does mange look like on a dog?

Mange affects your dog's skin and coat. Common signs include red and inflamed skin, thickened or wrinkly skin, crusty or scabby patches, hair loss, and intense scratching. When dogs scratch, bacteria can get into their skin and cause secondary infections. Other skin conditions can look similar to mange, so it's important to see your vet for a proper diagnosis. 

How do dogs get mange?

Sarcoptic mange spreads through direct contact with infected dogs or wildlife like foxes. It can also be picked up from places where infected animals have been. 

Demodectic mange mites are often passed from mothers to their puppies during nursing. These mites live naturally on healthy dogs in small numbers, but only cause problems when the immune system is weakened, allowing the mites to multiply to a number that clinically affects the dog. 

Sarcoptic mange (dog scabies)

Sarcoptic mange, also known as dog scabies, is caused by a mite called sarcoptes scabiei. This type of mange is highly contagious and can spread to other pets and humans. If you notice any issues with your skin after being in contact with sarcoptic mange you should consult your GP. Sarcoptic mites burrow into dog’s skin, causing intense itching. You'll often see signs around the ears, muzzle, and feet first, though in severe cases it can spread all over the body. Keep your dog away from other pets until your vet confirms they're mite-free and wear protective clothing when handling them.

Demodectic mange 

Demodectic mange is caused by a mite called demodex canis. Unlike sarcoptic mange, this type is much less contagious to other dogs and cannot be passed to humans. These mites live in hair follicles. In healthy dogs, small numbers are normal and don't cause problems. However, when a dog's immune system is weakened – through illness, medication, or in young puppies – the mite numbers can grow and cause skin issues. It typically causes thickened, crusty, red skin and hairless patches. It's usually less itchy than sarcoptic mange, though secondary infections can intensify the itchiness. 

Symptoms of mange in dogs

The symptoms of mange vary depending on which type your dog has: 

Sarcoptic mange symptoms: 

• Extreme itchiness
• Red, inflamed skin, often on ears, face, elbows, and legs
• Crusty, scabby skin
• Hair loss
• Restlessness from discomfort

Demodectic mange symptoms: 

• Patchy hair loss
• Thickened, wrinkly skin
• Red, crusty patches
• Usually less itchy (unless there's a secondary infection)

Early-stage mange might show as just a few small patches of irritated skin or mild hair loss. If you notice any of these signs, contact your vet as soon as possible. Early treatment makes a big difference. 

Is mange contagious?

Sarcoptic mange is highly contagious and can spread between dogs, to other pets, and to humans through direct contact or shared bedding. Demodectic mange is much less contagious and cannot spread to humans. Your vet will give you specific advice on preventing spread, including keeping your dog separate from other pets and taking hygiene precautions. 

How to treat mange in dogs 

If you think your dog has mange, contact your vet. They'll examine your dog’s skin and hair samples under a microscope to identify which mites are present and prescribe the right treatment. Treatment typically includes: 

• Prescription medication – Your vet will prescribe treatment to kill the mites, such as spot-on treatments, tablets, or injections.
• Soothing baths – Medicated and/or antiseptic shampoos can help soothe the skin while it heals.
• Treatment for infections – If bacteria has gotten into the skin, your vet may prescribe antibiotics.
• Ongoing prevention – Some flea treatments also prevent mange. Ask your vet for recommendations.

Sarcoptic mange usually clears up within one to two weeks of treatment, while demodectic mange can take longer. Treating puppies follows the same approach, and your vet will ensure any medication is safe for their age. 

Contact your local vet practice if you're concerned about your dog's skin or suspect mange

Additional resources

• How to check your dog's health at home